{"id":4160,"date":"2024-01-26T16:39:34","date_gmt":"2024-01-26T16:39:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/temanmama.org\/?p=4160"},"modified":"2024-01-26T16:39:34","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T16:39:34","slug":"sindrom-rett-pada-anak-kenali-penyebab-dan-gejalanya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/temanmama.org\/?p=4160","title":{"rendered":"Sindrom Rett pada Anak: Kenali Penyebab dan Gejalanya"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sindrom Rett merupakan suatu gangguan perkembangan otak yang langka. Penyakit ini pertama kali diidentifikasi oleh Dr. Andreas Rett pada tahun 1966. Biasanya, kelainan ini lebih sering dialami oleh anak perempuan, dan gejalanya akan mulai terlihat saat anak mencapai usia\u00a0 1 – 1,5 tahun. Bayi yang mengalami kelainan ini awalnya bisa berkembang secara normal. Namun, secara bertahap perkembangannya akan semakin terhambat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Penyebab Sindrom Rett<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sindrom Rett diakibatkan oleh perubahan atau mutasi pada gen yang mengatur perkembangan otak, yakni MECP2. Tetapi, penyebab dari perubahan gen tersebut hingga kini belum diketahui. Sindrom Rett bukanlah kelainan yang diwariskan atau diturunkan oleh orang tua. Meski demikian, anak dari keluarga mempunyai riwayat kelainan ini diduga lebih berisiko mengalami kondisi yang sama.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sindrom Rett lebih kerap terjadi pada anak perempuan daripada anak laki-laki. Namun, jika sindrom Rett terjadi pada anak laki-laki, gejala yang dialami dapat lebih parah, bahkan pada beberapa kasus anak sudah meninggal sejak dalam kandungan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gejala Sindrom Rett<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sebagian besar bayi yang menderita sindrom Rett akan tumbuh normal hingga mencapai usia 6 bulan. Namun setelah itu, gejala mulai muncul pada anak. Walaupun, perubahan yang signifikan cenderung baru muncul saat anak berusia 1 – 1,5 tahun.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gejala sindrom Rett umumnya terbagi menjadi 4 tahap, di mulai dari:<\/span><\/p>\n

Tahap 1 (Stagnation<\/i>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Tahap 1 ditandai dengan gejala kesulitan bergerak, muncul gerakan tungkai yang berulang dan tidak normal, kesulitan ketika makan, dan kurang tertarik untuk bermain. Gejala tahap 1 ini mulai terlihat ketika si kecil berusia 6 – 18 bulan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tahap 2 (Regression<\/i>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Tahap 2 mulai muncul saat anak berusia 1 – 4 tahun. Pada tahap ini, kemampuan anak bisa menurun secara perlahan-lahan atau pesat. Gejalanya meliputi:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Berteriak dan rewel tanpa alasan yang jelas.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Gerakan tangan yang tidak terkendali, seperti menepuk atau meremas.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Tubuh tidak seimbang ketika berjalan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Menghindari kontak mata dengan orang lain.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Lingkar kepala anak lebih kecil dari rata-rata ukuran normal.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Gangguan tidur.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Susah mengunyah dan menelan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Tahap 3 (Plateau<\/i>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Tahap 3 dimulai ketika anak berusia 2 – 10 tahun, dan ditandai dengan membaiknya gejala yang dirasakan di tahap 2. Misalnya, cara berjalan dan berkomunikasi anak mulai membaik, serta anak menjadi tidak rewel.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Meski begitu, terdapat beberapa gejala baru yang muncul pada fase ini, seperti:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Kejang.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Kebiasaan menggeretakkan gigi.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Pola napas anak tidak teratur, seperti menahan napas atau bernapas pendek kemudian menarik napas panjang.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Gangguan irama jantung pada sebagian pengidap.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Tahap 4 (Deterioration in Movement<\/i>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      Tahap ini ditandai dengan skoliosis atau kelainan bentuk tulang belakang, anak tidak mampu berjalan, serta otot-ototnya menjadi lemah atau kaku. Tetapi, kemampuan si kecil dalam berkomunikasi serta memahami orang lain bisa membaik. Bahkan, kejang dan gerakan tangan yang berulang mulai mereda. Gejala pada tahap ini berlangsung hingga anak dewasa.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Peran keluarga, dukungan medis, dan pemahaman masyarakat dapat memberikan kontribusi besar dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak-anak dengan sindrom Rett. Semoga, artikel ini bisa menambah referensi TemanMama, ya!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Sindrom Rett merupakan suatu gangguan perkembangan otak yang langka. Penyakit ini pertama kali diidentifikasi oleh Dr. Andreas Rett pada tahun 1966. Biasanya, kelainan ini lebih sering dialami oleh anak perempuan, dan gejalanya akan mulai terlihat saat anak mencapai usia\u00a0 1 – 1,5 tahun. Bayi yang mengalami kelainan ini awalnya bisa berkembang secara normal. Namun, secara …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kesehatan"],"yoast_head":"\nSindrom Rett pada Anak: Kenali Penyebab dan Gejalanya - TemanMama<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sindrom Rett diakibatkan oleh perubahan atau mutasi pada gen yang mengatur perkembangan otak, yakni MECP2. 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