{"id":3944,"date":"2024-01-23T14:48:07","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T14:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/temanmama.org\/?p=3944"},"modified":"2024-01-23T14:48:07","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T14:48:07","slug":"sindrom-tourette-kenali-penyebab-dan-gejalanya-pada-anak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/temanmama.org\/?p=3944","title":{"rendered":"Sindrom Tourette: Kenali Penyebab dan Gejalanya pada Anak"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sindrom Tourette ialah penyakit gangguan saraf yang ditandai dengan <\/span>tic<\/span><\/i>, yaitu ucapan atau gerakan berulang yang tidak terkontrol. Kelainan ini umumnya dimulai saat anak berusia 2 – 15 tahun, dan lebih sering terjadi pada anak laki-laki dibandingkan dengan anak perempuan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kelainan ini biasanya akan membaik seiring dengan bertambahnya usia anak. Namun, anak yang menderita kondisi ini mungkin perlu menjalani pengobatan untuk mengatasi kondisi lain yang bisa terjadi bersama dengan sindrom Tourette, seperti misalnya ADHD atau gangguan tumbuh kembang.<\/span><\/p>\n

Penyebab Sindrom Tourette<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hingga sekarang, penyebab kelainan ini masih belum belum diketahui dengan pasti. Tetapi, ada dugaan bahwa sindrom Tourette berhubungan dengan beberapa kondisi, seperti:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Kelainan gen.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Gangguan yang dialami oleh ibu, seperti proses persalinan yang berlangsung lama, mengalami stres selama masa kehamilan, atau bayi lahir dengan berat badan rendah.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Bayi mengalami kelainan pada zat kimia otak (<\/span>neurotransmitter<\/span><\/i>) serta struktur fungsi basal ganglia (ialah bagian otak yang mengendalikan gerak tubuh).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Selain itu, memiliki keluarga dengan riwayat penyakit sindrom Tourette juga bisa meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kelainan ini.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Gejala Sindrom Tourette<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Umumnya, gejala kelainan ini ditandai dengan adanya gerakan secara berulang yang tidak terkendali atau <\/span>tic<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>Tic <\/span><\/i>bisa dikategorikan ke dalam ke dalam beberapa jenis, di antaranya:<\/span><\/p>\n

    1. Motor Tics<\/i><\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Motor tics<\/span><\/i> ialah gerakan tidak terkendali dan dilakukan secara berulang. Kondisi ini bisa melibatkan kelompok otot tertentu saja (<\/span>simple tics<\/span><\/i>), atau beberapa otot sekaligus (<\/span>complex tics<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Beberapa gerakan yang termasuk ke dalam kategori <\/span>simple motor tics<\/span><\/i> ialah:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Mengedipkan mata.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Menggerak-gerakan mulut.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Mengangkat bahu.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Menggelengkan atau menganggukkan kepala.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Beberapa gerakan yang termasuk ke dalam kategori <\/span>complex motor tics<\/span><\/i> ialah:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Meniru gerakan suatu objek.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Melompat.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Memutar atau menekuk badan.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Melangkah dalam pola tertentu.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Mencium atau menyentuh suatu objek.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. Vocal Tics<\/i><\/strong><\/h4>\n

        Vocal tics<\/span><\/i> ialah kondisi di mana penderitanya membuat suara dengan berulang-ulang. Sama halnya seperti <\/span>motor tics<\/span><\/i>, <\/span>vocal tics <\/span><\/i>juga dapat terjadi dalam bentuk <\/span>simple tics<\/span><\/i> atau <\/span>complex tics.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

        Beberapa contoh <\/span>simple vocal tics<\/span><\/i> di antaranya, seperti:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Berdeham.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Batuk.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Bersuara seperti hewan, seperti menggonggong.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Sedangkan, beberapa contoh <\/span>complex vocal tics<\/span><\/i> ialah, seperti:<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Mengulang perkataan orang lain atau <\/span>echophenomena<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Mengulang perkataan sendiri atau <\/span>palilalia<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Mengucapkan kata-kata vulgar dan kasar atau <\/span>koprolalia<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Penting bagi orang tua untuk menyadari bahwa anak dengan sindrom Tourette tidak dapat mengendalikan <\/span>tic <\/span><\/i>mereka. Dukungan, pemahaman, dan penanganan yang sesuai dapat membantu anak-anak mengatasi tantangan yang mungkin mereka hadapi seiring dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan mereka.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Sindrom Tourette ialah penyakit gangguan saraf yang ditandai dengan tic, yaitu ucapan atau gerakan berulang yang tidak terkontrol. Kelainan ini umumnya dimulai saat anak berusia 2 – 15 tahun, dan lebih sering terjadi pada anak laki-laki dibandingkan dengan anak perempuan.\u00a0 Kelainan ini biasanya akan membaik seiring dengan bertambahnya usia anak. Namun, anak yang menderita kondisi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3943,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kesehatan","category-tumbuh-kembang"],"yoast_head":"\nSindrom Tourette: Kenali Penyebab dan Gejalanya pada Anak - TemanMama<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sindrom Tourette ialah gangguan saraf yang ditandai dengan tic, yaitu ucapan atau gerakan berulang yang tidak terkontrol. 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